All photographs and images provided by Ron Lyons Jr. are the sole property of Great Castles unless indicated otherwise. This page lists the pictures that came from other people or sources, with the page that uses each one. Books and guides are listed on the Sources page, and the coats of arms come from Wappenwiki.
Cheryl Cavett - Pictures of Burg Bosselstein and Schloss Oberstein were provided by Cheryl Cavett, who graciously permitted them to be displayed on Great Castles. They appear on the history pages and in the Bosselstein and Oberstein galleries.
Berkhamsted Castle - The Save Castle Fields logo on the home page is used with the permission of Berkhamsted Castle.
Sally - Pictures of the keep at Dolbadarn Castle were provided by Sally, a friend and former colleague, who graciously permitted them to be displayed on Great Castles.
Lichtenstein - Portrait of Duke Eberhard im Bart, painted about 1580-1600, Landesmuseum Württemberg (photo by H. Zwietasch, Wikimedia Commons, public domain, cropped).
Timeline - Ceiling of St George's Hall, Windsor Castle, by Ian Gratton (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0, cropped).
Contact - Victorian Penfold pillar box of 1866 by kitmasterbloke (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0), with the background removed by Ron Lyons Jr.
Castle Anatomy - Secret library door at Trent Park House by Matt Brown (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0, resized).
Events - Background pictures for castles not yet visited, all from Wikimedia Commons and cropped to fit: Beeston Castle by Mike Peel (file, CC BY-SA 4.0); Bolsover Castle by Colin Park (file, CC BY-SA 2.0); Castle Hedingham by Paul Farmer (file, CC BY-SA 2.0); Kilkenny Castle by Berthold Werner (file, CC BY-SA 4.0); Pendennis Castle by Darren Shilson (file, CC BY 2.0); Powderham Castle by Partonez (file, CC BY-SA 4.0); Walmer Castle by DeFacto (file, CC BY-SA 4.0).
The Black Prince - The Black Prince at Crécy, painted by Julian Russell Story in 1888 (Wikimedia Commons, public domain, resized).
Battle of Brémule - Louis VI and Henry I at Brémule, a miniature from the Grandes Chroniques de France about 1375-1380 (Wikimedia Commons, public domain); Louis VI at Brémule, engraving by Henri Félix Emmanuel Philippoteaux, 1862 (Wikimedia Commons, public domain, resized).
Battle of Tinchebray - Robert taken prisoner by the clerk Baudri, illustration by James William Edmund Doyle from A Chronicle of England, 1864 (Wikimedia Commons, public domain); map of the battle from Charles Oman's A History of the Art of War: The Middle Ages, 1898 (Wikimedia Commons, public domain, saved as JPEG).
Battle of Boroughmuir - Part of Gordon of Rothiemay's plan of Edinburgh, 1647 (Wikimedia Commons, scan by the Wellcome Collection, CC BY 4.0, cropped and resized); Bruntsfield Links by Richard Webb (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized).
Richard Neville - Warwick the Kingmaker - Richard Neville from the Rous Roll, about 1483-85 (Wikimedia Commons, public domain, resized); The Battle of Barnet, from a late 15th-century Ghent manuscript (Wikimedia Commons, public domain, resized).
People pages - portraits and illustrations, all public domain on Wikimedia Commons: The murder of Thomas Becket (medieval illumination); Robert the Bruce and Elizabeth de Burgh (Seton Armorial); Andrew Harclay defending Carlisle (initial from a Carlisle royal charter); James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell (miniature, National Galleries of Scotland); James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray (1568 portrait); Henry Marten (National Library of Wales); The loss of the White Ship (Cecil King); and William, Odo and Robert of Mortain from the Bayeux Tapestry (Myrabella).
People pages - castle and church photos from Wikimedia Commons: Carmarthen Castle by M J Richardson (file, CC BY-SA 2.0); Dublin Castle by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin (file, CC BY-SA 4.0); Dundaff Castle by Robert Murray (file, CC BY-SA 2.0); Neidpath Castle by Dannie Calder (file, CC BY-SA 2.0); Old Slains Castle by Mike Shepherd 999 (file, CC BY-SA 4.0); Tutbury Castle by Dave Harris (file, CC BY 3.0); Holt Castle by Jeff Buck (file, CC BY-SA 2.0); the tomb of Roger de Montgomery by Michael Garlick (file, CC BY-SA 2.0); Sandal Castle by Abcdef123456 (file, CC BY 3.0); Tarbert Castle in 1898 by Valentine Brothers of Dundee (public domain); St Peter's Church, Brackley by Julian Herzog (file, CC BY 4.0). All were resized.
People pages - France, Normandy and Arundel: Jean de Dunois (16th-century portrait drawing, public domain); La Hire (Louis-Félix Amiel, 1835) and La Hire (Jean-Joseph Dassy), both public domain; Château de Châteaudun by Selbymay (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0, resized); Château de Falaise by Ollamh (public domain); Robert Curthose's effigy at Gloucester Cathedral by Brian Deegan (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized) and his portrait in the Salles des Croisades at Versailles by Marc Baronnet (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped); Louise Dupin (after Jean-Marc Nattier, public domain); Francis I (Jean Clouet, public domain); Arundel, Gloucester, Nottingham, Derby and Warwick before Richard II (James William Edmund Doyle, 1864, public domain).
People pages - Beaufort, Beaton, Montfort and Almain: Château de Beaufort (early 1900s postcard, public domain); Cardinal David Beaton (Edward Travanyon Haynes, University of St Andrews, public domain); Beaudesert Castle by Paul Buckingham (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized); Evesham Abbey bell tower by Steve Daniels (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized); Wallingford Castle by Pitou250 (public domain); Northampton Castle (drawing by C. H. Hartshorne, public domain); the murder of Henry of Almain (Giovanni Villani, Nuova Cronica, public domain); Simon de Montfort the Younger (medieval manuscript, public domain).
People pages - Stafford, Lancaster and Clarence: Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham (1520 portrait, public domain); Thornbury Castle by Rob Brewer (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0); Brecon Castle by Alan Hughes (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized); Lancaster Castle gatehouse by Stephen Armstrong (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized); Thomas of Lancaster led to execution (James William Edmund Doyle, 1864, public domain); The Battle of Baugé (Alfred de Dreux, public domain, cropped).
Henry Hotspur Percy and Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland - all public domain on Wikimedia Commons: Hotspur's pennon (engraving by L. Pennell); Hotspur and Lady Percy (painted by Robert Smirke, engraved by James Neagle, 1795); Hotspur's night attack at Otterburn (engraving c. 1873); Hotspur after Homildon Hill (Alfred Elmore, c. 1880); The Death of Hotspur (James William Edmund Doyle, 1864); Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland (engraving from Thomas Pennant's A Tour in Wales, 1781).
People pages - Richard de Clare (Strongbow): The Marriage of Strongbow and Aoife by Daniel Maclise, 1854 (Wikimedia Commons, public domain, cropped). William Longespée: effigy engraving from Gardiner's History of England (Wikimedia Commons, public domain) and Old Sarum aerial photo by MARKEDWARDS (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0, resized). William Lanvallei: Colchester Castle by Sannse (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0, resized).
Timeline - Battle pictures, all public domain on Wikimedia Commons and cropped: Poitiers (Froissart manuscript); Agincourt (St Albans Chronicle, Thomas Walsingham); First St Albans (map by Ramsay); Towton (Richard Caton Woodville); Barnet and Tewkesbury (Ghent manuscript, 15th century); Bosworth (Philip James de Loutherbourg); Second Newbury (plan); Richard the Lionheart's tomb at Fontevraud. The Stamford Bridge picture is the Arbo painting credited on the battle page, and the Culloden picture is a Great Castles photograph.
Timeline - More portraits: Edward I and Eleanor of Castile, early 14th-century manuscript initial (Wikimedia Commons, public domain, cropped); Guy Fawkes from Crispijn van de Passe the Elder's 1605 engraving of the Gunpowder Plot conspirators (Wikimedia Commons, public domain, cropped); Harold II crowned and William the Conqueror with Bishop Odo and Robert, both from the Bayeux Tapestry (11th century, public domain, cropped). The Robert the Bruce, William Wallace and Knights Templar pictures are Great Castles photographs.
Timeline - Portraits, all public domain and cropped from the originals on Wikimedia Commons: Anne Boleyn (unknown artist, National Portrait Gallery); Bonnie Prince Charlie (Louis Gabriel Blanchet); Charles I (Daniel Mytens); Charles XII of Sweden (Rijksmuseum); Oliver Cromwell (Samuel Cooper); Elizabeth I (coronation portrait); Henry II of France (after François Clouet); Henry VIII (workshop of Hans Holbein the Younger); Joan of Arc (portrait des échevins); Ludwig II (Joseph Albert); Mary, Queen of Scots (after Nicholas Hilliard); Richard III (unknown artist, National Portrait Gallery).
People pages - Edward the Confessor, Harold Godwinson, Tostig Godwinson, Northumbrian Revolt and Danish Attacks: Edward the Confessor stained glass at Canterbury by Poliphilo (Wikimedia Commons, CC0); Edward the Confessor and Tostig and Harold quarreling, both by Matthew Paris, 13th century (Edward and Tostig and Harold, public domain); Westminster Abbey by Robert-brook (Wikimedia Commons, CC0); York Minster by Chris Gorringe (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized).
Jasper Tudor - Stained glass window showing Jasper Tudor and Katherine Woodville in the entrance hall of Cardiff Castle. Photo by Wolfgang Sauber, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0, resized.
Ghost Stories - The small figures in the sidebars of the ghost story pages (the banshee, hooded lady, monk, witch, knight, black dog, and vampire) are public domain clip art from Openclipart.
Bayeux Tapestry - Scenes from the Bayeux Tapestry (made in the 1070s) appear on Battle of Hastings, Harold Godwinson, William FitzOsbern and the Timeline. Photographs by Myrabella, Wikimedia Commons, public domain.
Battle of Falkirk - "The Bishop of Durham's Charge at Falkirk," an 1873 engraving by James Grant, British Library, Wikimedia Commons, public domain, cropped. Maps of the battle by Mike Young, Wikimedia Commons, public domain. The Falkirk Roll of Arms recreation by Rs-nourse, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0, resized.
Raid on Scone - Scone Palace. Photo by Ingo Mehling, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0, resized.
Burning of Southwark - Normans burning a house, Bayeux Tapestry, 1070s. Photograph by Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS and ENSICAEN, 2017, Wikimedia Commons, public domain.
Invasion of Normandy - The Tour Grise at Verneuil-sur-Avre. Photo by Eponimm, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0, resized.
Battle of Sandwich - The battle drawn by Matthew Paris in the Chronica Majora, c. 1250s (Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, fol. 52r), Wikimedia Commons, public domain. English and French ships grappling, engraving by Matthew White Ridley, from the British Library's Mechanical Curator collection, Wikimedia Commons, public domain, cropped.
Battle of Dalrigh -The field of the Battle of Dalrigh, near Tyndrum. Photo by Tim Heaton, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized.
Battle of Loch Ryan - Loch Ryan, seen from Cairnryan. Photo by Billy McCrorie, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized.
Battle of Dornock - Farmland near Dornock (“View towards Dornock”). Photo by Jonathan Thacker, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, cropped and resized. The Solway shore near Dornock. Photo by M J Richardson, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
Siege of Berwick (1333) - Edward III besieging Berwick, from a manuscript of Froissart's Chronicles (“Édouard III devant Berwick”), Wikimedia Commons, public domain, resized. The ruins of Berwick Castle. Photo by Euan Nelson, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
Battle of Halidon Hill - A panorama of Halidon Hill, with Berwick-upon-Tweed on the right. Photo by Yorkshiresky, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0, resized. “Charge of the Scots at Halidon Hill”, an 1873 illustration by John McLaren Ralston from British Battles on Land and Sea, Wikimedia Commons, public domain, resized. The Halidon Hill monument. Photo by David Lauder, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0, resized.
Siege of Roxburgh -The ruins of Roxburgh Castle, with the River Tweed and Floors Castle beyond. Photo by Northerner, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0, resized.
Siege of Wark - The motte of Wark Castle. Photo by Walter Baxter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
Siege of Exeter -A stretch of Exeter's city walls. Photo by Derek Harper, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized.
Siege of Oxford - St George's Tower at Oxford Castle. Photo by David P Howard, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized.
Battle of the Standard -The Battle of the Standard, painting by Sir John Gilbert, c. 1879, public domain (a monochrome version is on Wikimedia Commons).
Battle of Wilton - Wilton House, on the site of the former Wilton Abbey. Photo by David Spender, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0, resized.
Battle of Stamford Bridge -The Battle of Stamford Bridge, illustration by Matthew Paris, Life of King Edward the Confessor, 13th century, Wikimedia Commons, public domain. The Battle of Stamford Bridge, painting by Peter Nicolai Arbo, 1870, Wikimedia Commons, public domain, cropped.
Battle of Northam -Northam Burrows on the Devon coast. Photo by Roger Cornfoot, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
Battle of Norwich and Revolt of the Earls - Norwich Castle in winter sunshine. Photo by Richard Humphrey, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized.
Battle of Myton -The "Red Blood, White Battle" heritage board on the Myton-on-Swale battlefield. Photo by Ian S, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized.
Battle of Lewes - The slopes above Lewes where the battle was fought. Photo by Simon Carey, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
Battle of Fulford -The arrival of King Harald of Norway and his defeat of the Northumbrians at Fulford. Illustration by Matthew Paris, 13th century, Wikimedia Commons, public domain.
Battle of Fornham - The River Lark at Fornham St Genevieve. Photo by Bob Jones, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
Battle of Evesham and Hugh le Despenser - The death and mutilation of Simon de Montfort at Evesham, with Hugh le Despenser above him, a late 13th-century manuscript illustration, Wikimedia Commons, public domain. The death of Simon de Montfort, chromolithograph after James William Edmund Doyle, A Chronicle of England, 1864, Wikimedia Commons, public domain. The site of Simon de Montfort's grave at Evesham Abbey. Photo by Smb1001, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
Battle of Chesterfield - The plaque marking the site of the Battle of Chesterfield. Photo by StaniforthHistorian, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0, resized.
Battle of Clitheroe -Edisford Bridge over the River Ribble near Clitheroe. Photo by Peter McDermott, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized.
Battle of Boroughbridge - Map of the Battle of Boroughbridge, 1322. By FinnWikiNo, Wikimedia Commons, public domain.
Battle of the River Dee -The remains of Buittle Castle. Photo by Chris Andrews, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized.
Battle of Kinghorn - The beach and harbor at Kinghorn. Photo by Mat Fascione, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
Battle of the Pass of Brander -The Pass of Brander, where Loch Awe narrows into the River Awe. Photo by Julian Paren, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
Battle of Moiry Pass -The entrance to the Moyry Pass in County Armagh. Photo by James O'Neill, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.
Battle of Faughart -The reported grave of Edward Bruce at Faughart, County Louth. Photo by Davidmc5585, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0, resized.
Battle of Slioch -Loch Maree and Slioch. Photo by Jennifer Jones, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized.
Battle of Stanhope Park - Weardale between Stanhope and Frosterley. Photo by Mike Quinn, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized.
Battle of Turnberry - The remains of Turnberry Castle. Photo by Mary and Angus Hogg, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
Battle of Inverurie -The slopes of Barra Hill, looking toward Oldmeldrum. Photo by Andrew Wood, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0, resized. The Hill of Barra Fort, known as Comyn's camp. Photo by Jim Benvie, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
Battle of Methven -Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, and Robert the Bruce before the Battle of Methven. Illustration, c. 1900, Wikimedia Commons, public domain.
Battle of Loudoun Hill -Loudoun Hill. Photo by MediTawel, Wikimedia Commons, public domain (CC0).
Battle of Glen Trool - Bruce's Stone above Loch Trool. Photo by David Parker, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0, resized.
Battle of Roslin -Roslin Castle, watercolor by Paul Sandby, in or after 1780, National Gallery of Art. Public domain (CC0), Wikimedia Commons.
Sack of Berwick and Siege of Berwick - The White Wall at Berwick Castle. Photo by Barbara Carr, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
Battle of Dunbar -The ruins of Dunbar Castle above the harbor. Photo by Kim Traynor, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0, resized.
Arthur de Richemont - Charles VII with the Dauphin Louis and Arthur de Richemont, Constable of France, c. 1450. L'arbre des batailles, Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal, Paris (ms. 2695, fol. 6v). Public domain, Wikimedia Commons, cropped.